Criminalization and Conceptual Evolution of Sexual Violence Against Women in International Criminal Courts

Abstract

Violence against women is a widespread phenomenon with global dimensions that affects all societies. This issue violates the fundamental rights and freedoms of victims of violence. Such forms of violence can have devastating effects on the lives of victims, their families, and their communities. Sexual violence against women is more than a public health concern; it constitutes a violation of human rights and an assault on bodily integrity. All forms of such violence, regardless of the reason for their occurrence during armed conflicts, must be regarded as violations of international humanitarian law and be subject to prosecution. Prior to 1990, this issue was the subject of extensive debate. However, since 1990, as a result of increased attention to this violent phenomenon, significant developments have taken place. Despite the efforts made, the international community has never seriously confronted the issue of sexual violence in wars and conflicts, and essential steps at both regional and global levels remain necessary.